There are certain legal requirements you must comply with when holding a firework and/or bonfire event, so it is really important you plan well ahead and inform the right people including the West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Service and Kirklees Council.

Organisation

The running of a safe and successful firework display takes a great deal of planning so:

  • Begin organising the display as early as possible
  • Form a committee (no matter how informal), giving the members separate responsibility for particular tasks, including one person to be in charge of all the safety arrangements.
  • If possible, try to recruit at least one person who has previous experience of fireworks displays
  • Note - larger public displays, those involving Category 4 Fireworks will require a professional firework display company and will need to be undertaken in accordance with the EIG Blue Guide. Smaller Public Displays, involving Category 1, 2 and 3 Fireworks, shall comply with the EIG Red Guide.
  • If there is going to be a bonfire present it is advisable not to light the bonfire before setting off any fireworks, as stray sparks and embers may accidentally light them. Alternatively ensure that the bonfire and fireworks are showcased in separate viewing areas if space permits.

Inform

  • If it is a large event, Kirklees Council's Safety Advisory Group by completing the proposal details online at Plan an outdoor event
  • The local Police Service
  • The local Fire Service, because there are strict rules about the storage and handling of fireworks, you may need a licence. Note: Ensure that you are familiar with and comply with the guidance issued by West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue
  • Nearby residents and local institutions, such as residential homes, hospitals and anybody with livestock

Arrange

  • A safe place to store the fireworks, preferably locked in a closed box, somewhere cool and dry, out of reach from children and animals.
  • Special clothing, like bibs and jackets, to identify your team on the night
  • Team training in the various tasks for the night, including all emergency drills and exits
  • Some form of public address system as a safety measure
  • Plenty of battery operated torches, with full batteries
  • To publicise the fact that spectators are not allowed to bring their own fireworks, including sparklers
  • Fire extinguishers, buckets of water and/or sand and metal litter bins

Choosing a site

Make sure:

  • The site is well away from buildings, trees and overhead cables etc.
  • The site is a safe distance from flammable materials, such as petrol, fuel, oil, and liquefied petroleum gas.
  • The area has plenty of entrances and exits, make sure that they are well lit, clearly sign posted and free from obstruction.
  • The wind and the fireworks display are angled away from spectators.

As much as possible, the display site is the whole site used for the display, and is made up of:

  • Spectator area - from which the public will watch the display
  • Safety area - a clear area between the spectators and the firing area to ensure that the spectators are a safe distance away from the fireworks
  • Firing area - from which the fireworks are set off
  • Fall-out area - An area kept clear of people, where the debris from spent aerial fireworks lands (minimum of 100m x 50m)

Site layout for a display involving aerial fireworks:

site layout for a display involving aerial fireworks

Falling fireworks can cause damage, so plan any designated car parking area to be well away and upwind from your display area and fall-out area

Organising spectators

  • Proper crowd control is essential, arrange for some stewards to be responsible for this, at least one steward for every 250 spectators
  • Make sure that the stewards are identifiable, perhaps with fluorescent bibs or jackets
  • None of the stewards should be allowed to consume alcohol until the event is over
  • Erect a form of barrier to prevent the spectators entering the safety area
  • Do not admit spectators to the display with their own fireworks, including sparklers

Firing the display

  • Only allow the nominated firers into the firing area, try to restrict their number to a minimum, at least one of them should have previous experience of firework displays.
  • Firers are advised to wear suitable clothing, this should consist of stout footwear and outer clothing of wool or other material of low flammability. Loose clothing (such as shell-suits and long scarves) should be avoided.
  • A protective hat, goggles and gloves are advisable, it is strongly recommended that firers wear suitable hearing protection.
  • None of the firers should be allowed to smoke during the display or consume alcohol at any stage.
  • Always make sure that fireworks are set off as recommended in the instructions.
  • A sudden change of wind could cause aerial fireworks to fall dangerously among spectators. In very windy conditions you should be prepared to cancel the display, however disappointing that might be.

Firework fails to fire or misfires

  • Never go back to it, it could still be live, and could go off in your face
  • Half an hour is the absolute minimum you should wait before considering approaching it, even then you should avoid positioning any part of the body over a misfired firework
  • The firework should then be immersed in a bucket of water
  • If you are in any doubt contact the local Fire Service for advice

Clearing up after the display

  • The work for your team does not finish when the last firework goes off, because spectators need to be cleared safely from the site.
  • Do not allow spectators into the firing, safety and fall-out areas until it is cleared of spent fireworks and any misfires have been dealt with.
  • Gather the spent fireworks using an electric torch-light, tongs or other suitable tool, and wear strong gloves.
  • Never dispose of fireworks, even those which are fully spent, on a bonfire or by burying. Recommended disposal methods are as follows:
    • Put fully spent fireworks (but not misfired or partly spent fireworks) in metal refuse receptacles.
    • Leave the misfired fireworks immersed in the bucket of water in an area where they cannot be tampered with, contact the local Fire Service for disposal advice.

Bonfire safety

It is not a necessity to have a bonfire with a firework display. It can be a hazard and many displays are a great success without one. If you do decide to have a bonfire then it will be necessary to:

  • Make one person responsible for planning, building, lighting, supervising and only allow that person and designated helpers into the bonfire area.
  • Keep the size of the bonfire manageable - the height of the bonfire should ideally be no more than 3 metres and it should be built so it collapses inwards as it burns.
  • Erect a suitable barrier around the bonfire, at a distance no less than one and a half times the height of the bonfire.
  • Build it well clear of buildings, sheds, trees, fences. It should be at least 18 metres away from any building, tree, wooden fence and not under overhead power cables or telephone lines. The smoke and fumes must not affect the visibility of any adjacent road or railway.
  • Where there is less space such as a pub garden, consult the Fire Safety Officer as the site may not be appropriate
  • Check the construction of the bonfire to make sure it is safe and make sure there are no animals or even children inside the bonfire.

Lighting a bonfire

  • Never use any flammable liquids such as paraffin or petrol to light the fire - use paper and solid firelighters in two or three places to ensure an even burn.
  • Damp bonfires should be lit by using dry kindling like newspaper, sacking, cardboard, empty wooden boxes etc. These materials should be placed inside the bonfire and will help it to burn from the inside, drying out any damp materials stacked on the outside.
  • Do not burn foam-filled furniture, rubber, aerosols, tins of paint, pressurised gas cylinders, tyres etc and do not use materials, such as corrugated cardboard, which produce a light ash and that could blow about.
  • Do not light in windy conditions - strong winds can result in embers being carried further - the barrier around the bonfire may need to be moved further back.

Attending a bonfire

  • Do not leave the bonfire unattended - it must be fully supervised until it has burnt out and must be damped down before leaving the site.
  • There should be adequate firefighting equipment to hand, and stewards should receive adequate training, so that if the bonfire suddenly flares up and causes concern, it can be dampened down quickly with:
    • 2 x 9 litre water fire extinguishers
    • Hose (if mains water supply is available);
    • Buckets of water or sand
    • Fire beaters
    • Fire blanket
  • Advise the people looking after the bonfire not to wear lightweight clothing that could ignite relatively easily. They are recommended to wear a substantial outer garment of wool or other low flammability and strong footwear.
  • Make sure the designated people know what to do in the event of a burn injury or a person's clothing catching fire. There should also be easy access to a fire blanket

First aid for burns

If someone gets burnt

  • Immediately cool the burn by running cold water over the burn for 20 minute
  • Remove jewellery and loose clothing from near the burn area gently and carefully before the area starts to swell
  • Avoid hypothermia by cooling the burn but warm the rest of the casualty
  • Cover the cooled burn with a dressing which will not stick, like clingfilm which is ideal or a new unused plastic bag or a clean, smooth cloth (like a pillowcase)
  • Monitor for signs of shock: pale & clammy skin, dizziness, and nausea
  • Unless the burn is very small, go to a hospital. If the burn is very serious, or the person is (or was) unconscious, dial 999

Things to avoid

  • Do not remove clothing or anything else which is stuck to the burn
  • Never cool the burn using ice
  • Never apply creams, ointments, oils or fats
  • Do not touch the burn or burst blisters

Legislation

The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 and associated legislation may apply to certain displays, such as when the display involves a work activity. For example, when you are running the display as an employer or self-employed person conducting your own business. In addition, the person who is providing the premises for the event may also have duties under the legislation.

In addition, employers or self-employed persons have duties under the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR 2013). These regulations require some work-related accidents, including serious burns which cover more than 10% of the body or cause significant damage to the eyes, respiratory system or other vital organs, to be reported.

Risk assessments

A risk assessment should be carried out by a responsible person. If the hazard(s) cannot be removed, a risk assessment must be carried out to identify suitable controls needed to manage the risks associated with the hazard(s). Take the following steps when carrying out your risk assessment

  • Identify hazards
  • Assess the risk
  • Control the risks
  • Record your findings
  • Review the controls

Involve all employees, particularly firework handlers at all stages of the risk assessment. Ensure that all employees understand the risk assessment and the part they play in making sure it is implemented effectively.

Further support

For further fire safety advice or advice on the storage and safe disposal of fireworks contact local Fire Service:

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